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XenonS
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Interesting points are yours, IronHound.

I guess searching for signals is the only thing SETI can do, but as for your opinion this is doomed to failure. Especially your point with the aural senses is a big one. Communication is a very vast subject that has to find its place in evolution (it would be cumbersome for species that don't need it, for example).

Carbon-based structures allow for more molecules to form, so it has a higher probability to be ingredient for a life-form, but this only counter-weights for a small part our ignorance about out-of-earth biological laws IMO. What's sure is that evolution can allow different structures for life forms if the environment is the appropriate one, but again: that's only what we see on Earth, so we keep speculating.

 

So, it seems that we still don't have any hard information about extraterrestrial life (or non-life), even this 'silence' of signals doesn't mean anything, most probably we are going to solve this the 'old school' way: getting there... And even then we may not notice... 🙂

 

As for the 'Silence' question, Smith's article points to a book of Paul Davies that I should read I think:

Paul Davies : The Eerie Silence: Renewing Our Search for Alien Intelligence (2010).

 

But what's hard to digest in Howard A. Smith 's arguments comes when he's talking about the "1250 light years perimeter" as a "practical purpose" for us mankind to communicate with intelligent species. Also his "100 human generations" idea for the same practical purpose doesn't make much sense if, as in my example above, we start to hear the signals and we continue to hear such signals. Once they are there, we can learn from them, be their origin 1250 or 1.250.000 years away, it wouldn't matter because the one-way-only road for the signals is significative enough as for getting hard information of any kind, wether we understand it or not. Everything else (responding to signals, cosmic horizon etc.) is pure sentimentalism and doesn't matter for science...

 

My theory is that SETI was condamned to find everything possible at once and immediately 40 years ago, or: nothing at all and forever (because there's nothing). There is no waiting for something, if anything then it should be there already.

 

This argument can only be tossed away, and probably will, if there is a technical reason for signals not propagating further than some distance due to the space environment. And it would in fact add strongly to Smith's practical purpose argument.

 

So, my question remains: will a wave travelling after 500 light years be received differently than after travelling 80.000 years? Is there any technical and finite reason not to receive the latter one?

 

Greets,

XenonS


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MvGulik
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Natural Evolution is a universal process (bound by physics) that has a tendency to generate similar things in similar situations.

 

See Convergent evolution

And List of examples of convergent evolution

 

This don't excludes, alien life we would find otherly alien, Nor alien life we would find, well, very familiar.


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MvGulik
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will a wave travelling after 500 light years be received differently than after travelling 80.000 years? Is there any technical and finite reason not to receive the latter one

 

Mmm. It kinda depends. Two main things that come to mind here are:

 

- With distance the signal gets weaker because it spreads out. So here it matters what the strength of the send signal was, and the sensitivity of the receiver at the other end. (But other than that there is no real fixed limit)

 

- The wave length of the signal. As interstellar gas clouds will absorb and scatter certain wave lengths. Potentially blocking your signal completely (if it a narrow band signal).

 

 

The main problem with using EMR for signals across the Universe is ... that it so darn slow.


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MvGulik
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O yea. I almost forgot. Some news on the Seti front.

 

http://www.wired.com/2015/07/russian-tycoon-spending-100-million-hunt-aliens/


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XenonS
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@MyGulik,

thanks for your interesting links (more above) and your response. I now realize that all technical stuff about waves doesn't matter at all. In fact, I conclude now that this kind of signal searching is totally useless and the reason is interesting.

 

Even if we could by technical means receive very distant radio, laser or other wave signals loud and clear, this won't help us to resolve the alien question because:

 

1) We are out of synch

The good timing of signal reception is essential, alas the probability of this happening is almost nil, unaware of a big possible number of civilizations in our next vicinity.

 

2) Opening the machine with a bone...

Radio or laser signals or any other 'beacons' are a primitive method to communicate that will only last maybe 100-300 years for any civilization. This should be nil compared to their lifetime. This makes the reception timing even more questionable.

We see this on Earth already: our TV is cable-transmitted, not radio-waved anymore; our communication satellites are pointed towards Earth to transmit phone calls, and not towards space where it could be received more easily by ET. All these technologies will be gone latest in 100 years, replaced by better solutions if still necessary.

 

3) The Voyager spacecraft: Target or museum ?

The reasons for sending powerful signals into space on purpose would be extraordinary for any species (a matter of survival I guess), and it would not be good news for us anyway. (I will discount here the adventurous idea of any physical alien visit, but no question that this would mean trouble rather than knowledge for us, at least in the first place.)

Although we have already sent such messages on purpose (the Voyager plaquette;  the message elaborated and sent by Carl Sagan and his wife), this is more folklore and sentimentalism (and serves more as a promotion for a better NASA budget) rather than fullfilling any scientific mean. ET is not likely to 'feel' or get on line with us about this, so I'm afraid that Voyager will meet the same fate as Pioneer in the Star Trek movie, unless we catch it up to put it in a museum...

 

4) Philosophy and some hard facts to digest...

We won't understand any intelligent signals that made it into space without the purpose of interplanetary communication (our radio and TV  broadcasts are an example). We cannot even translate some hieroglyphs from our own people here on Earth!

It's easy to believe that if such signals were sent on purpose instead, then it would be easier for us to 'decode' them, the aliens would make efforts in that sense, but no, I toss it away: Perception, mathematics, science (the ingredients we trust for understanding), all these are human constructs, already explained by René Descartes or Immanuel Kant. Today the quantic theory starts telling us that the human 'forms' his universe, as strange and frightning it may sound. At least some strange quantic effects discovered will make this hypothesis worth to investigate in the comming decades, but that's all to say: in such a chaos we are farther than ever from any sort of 'global' or 'universal' understanding that would allow us to read in the mind of ET. To understand the universe and alternative life forms we get to the point where we cannot rely on physics anymore, it's a question of metaphysics, not physics. Science has a limit: the human limit. Our intelligence and the enforcement of the 'scientific method' (that we falsly deem useful for understanding aliens) is still a very young phenomena in our lifespan and part of the evolution. Also it can be supplanted at some point and just dissapear, the evolution goes its own very special way. Other lifeforms, even here on Earth, don't need such things to succeed and survive. Therefore, aliens may not even have any 'science' in our sense (for simplicity I'll skip the question of Culture here), or they have 'their' science that we'll be very stretched to perceive or follow for a iota. There's no chance to communicate with ET in my opinion.

 

The first point above is the most objective, but also a very deceiving one. In his book The Eerie Silence: Renewing Our Search for Alien Intelligence (2010), Paul Davies gives a powerful analogy that is also easy to understand:

He plays with the idea that in a village all houseowners would switch on and off their lights for 10 seconds at a random time during night. We can ask now: Will 2 or more houses ever be lit at the same moment? It depends on the number of houses, on how long the light is on and how long the night is. With only 100 houses we probably aren't going to see 2 houses show any syncrhonity, with 10.000 houses we may get some cases, but not as much to get me out of my chair...

In the case of the aliens it means: we must receive the signals in the right time interval or they will simply pass by without us knowing about it. Maybe this has already happend and some signals have reached Earth, but at the epoch of the dinosaurs...Even in the most optimistic case where our galaxy would count about 10000-50000 high tech civilizations (I don't give a dime for it, with Frank Drake's equation applied to today's knowledge I would say even some vapor of alien in our galaxy would be exuberant), so even with such 'crazy numbers' the chance to synchronize at the perfect moment with such signals is almost nil, not to speak about the 3 other points or our problems to identify such signals as being intelligent alien ones.

 

The other points just add meat to the plate, so the conclusion is:

To find out about aliens, we have to get there or solve this enigma here on Earth without receiving any signals. If other ET's are out there we must accept that we aren't ever going to know about it. Other ETs are in the same boat, except if we believe in some kind of Neuman's replicating machines invading the whole galaxy, but then: we are back to the Fermi paradoxon (which isn't one, it's a simple question) asking "where is everybody?". And we are back to the start with no better arguments.

I'm afraid, even the 'practical purpose' mentioned by Howard A. Smith in his article above has just vaporized. And he is a pessimist in the matter.

 

And what about space sponsoring?

Yes, more than ever I think that space projects need sponsoring, we have to go into space not to meet ET but to ensure our survival in the medium term. Politics and governments alone can hardly enforce this road.

Some very to-the-point projects are necessary, but this doesn't hamper any useful research on alien lifeforms.

So, for example, I think that Mr. Yuri Milner should be careful before spending millions in such catch-the-signal endeavor, even the methods of SETI have changed since, it's not anymore about signals and ET but, just to pick one, about finding life forms on Earth that differ from the standard forms because of more evolutions that possibly have occured on our planet. This would be the prime evidence that independant life forms are indeed possible. I think that's all we can discover here, no need for any telescope, a microscope for a good exobiologist is the better tool. Back to Earth by scavenging in some unusual places!

 

Greets,

XenonS


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MvGulik
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I conclude now that this kind of signal searching is totally useless.

I kinda disagree here. Mainly because I think that that kind of thinking goes against why science projects, like Seti, are done. Basically science projects are done to see if something can be found that adds to our knowledge base. And in science you also put your money on as much horses as possible. The fact that you don't find what your looking for in the time you expected is data to (although this kind of data is highly ambiguous and is generally misused / misinterpreted by the lesser science minded.)

 

The biggest scientific issue we currently have in relation to the probability of the creation of life. Is that we currently only have one example to go by (Earth + a single tree of live). The ET signal search part of Seti is just one project to see if we can find data that tells us where not just a strange single exception. (Cultural wise it might have a bigger impact, but only for a short time I think.)

 

Personally I think a nice additional project to possibly detect ET (and thereby also opening a lot of other interesting ideas) would be to have plenty of small, high-res and mobile 24/7 sky camera's running around the world. (as a side effect we might learn a bit more about other strange Earth, or even Human, related stuff.)


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XenonS
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In science, if a method doesn't work it means it has failed and must be replaced by a better one. Any theory must have elements like predictability, repeatability and the possibility to evolve which means: it must be contestable or provable by its own. The Synchronity problem above is contestable and anyone is welcome to dismantle it.

 

Until then, based to the point 1) above, any signal searching is not reasonable for what it is proposing to discover. This synchronity problem has been recognized as scuh by SETI itself and his supervisor, Paul Davies, largely has admitted that the search has to be focused on more promising methods, and unfortunately, this has to happen here on Earth. Any alien message is out of reach, period. (This is not a quote, but in essence the content of his book mentioned above).

 

This is to say that for going on searching signals in space, then one must first validly contest the Synchronity problem related to a possible space communication between planets, showing it is wrong and that signals can be received (before doomsday) in order to prove alien life.  Facts cannot simply be ignored because they are deceiving and not fitting into someone's plan. Or: Go play roulette with Mr. Yuri Milner, see the end of the post.

 

Radio telescopes could indeed indicate some traces of possible alien life, but these traces will have to be linked to an acceptable theory in order to for us to say "There is alien life." The state as for now is: telescopes may find these traces, but won't provide us with this essential type of evidence. Again, this important evidence has to be elaborated here on earth. The traces found by telescopes would otherwise only be subject for speculations. And with speculations, I can as well say: Woody Allen is in the stars...

 

Behaving differently by continuing searching signals and losing our time and ressources means we are hoping to succeed against the odds and we would need an extraordinary strike of fortune by finding any alien artifact (including signals). We shouldn't rely on chance, also because the costs and ressources needed for it are currently not in any reasonable relation.

Of course Mr. Yuri Milner is free to spend his money as he please, but his 'project' is to say: I go to a roulette table and bet on number 24, 15, 3, 21, 33, 21, 35 one after another and I expect to win every time. Yeah, there is such a thing like midlife crisis. I'm yawning, no need to make a blog for that. I'm really surprised to see the names of big scientists in this blog, which they don't want probably and weren't asked for; this actually makes me think that the whole blog is just a hoax (like many blogs in social medias, that's why I usually never read them, they are open for any sort of shit, uncontrollable and tollerated ad libitum).

 

Also where there is money any science seems to stop immediately I suppose...

 

XenonS


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XenonS
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Signal Information Value SI(v)...

 

A better way to clarify the Synchronity problem above is to express it in numbers and play with it.

If we take the Drake Equation, which calculates the probable number of N civilizations looking on 5 main factors, then we have to couple it with the Synchronity problem in order to express how useful any intelligent signal would be and how likely are we getting such signals based on N. I call it the Signal Information Value SI(v).

 

SI(v) will have following factors:

 

- Synch (N): Probability of a signal synchronity within 200 years based on N (*)

- S(i): Signal interval; reduction factor betwwen the time intervall where alien is able to send its signals into space versus the alien's total life time (****)

- S(t): Signal type; Signal reduction factor based on the type of signal, the 2 possible types are signals sent on purpose directed towards Earth, and such ones without such purpose (**).

- AL: Prove of Alien Life based on the information content of the signal expressed in a probability that we can actually 'decode' the signal (***)

 

There may be other factors that come into play, they would need to be expressed as a probablity of an event further reducing the overall value (excluded such events with p=1).

Attentive readers will have found out that I'm overly enthousiastic here and just assume that any intelligent alien lifeform covered in the N value will send out signals that can be analyzed. Also I will take for granted that once the signal is decoded then it will effectively prove alternate life, which may not be the case; see my point 4) "Philosophy and some hard facts to digest" more above. I'll just skip this argument for simplicity and in our favor, also because the one-way-road of the signal would be enough to make the evidence of alternate life, no need for communication. This all requests that the signal's source is well documented and proved to be originated as such. Also my point 3) is irrelevant for the evidence of an alternate lifeform and is not a factor here.

 

The Signal Information Value would then be:

 

SI(v) =  Synch (N) * S(i) * S(t) * AL

 

The result is a probability value for getting a useful signal given any N value. A useful signal is one that reaches us before we have hard information about alien lifeforms and one that we can use as a clear evidence for such lifeforms. SI(v) corrects the Drake equation by adding the Synchronity factor. It should be represented in a grafical f(x) function with the x-coordinate being N and the y-coordinate being SI(v) for better understanding of its significance. Obviously, the bigger N is, the better is the Signal Information Value, but by adding alien worlds, its increase is far smaller than you may think!

 

(*)

200 years is a reasonable time in order for the signal reception to be useful. If we have to wait longer for a case of signal synchronity, then chances are we are faster to discover such life forms by other means.

There is no guessing here: it can be determined exactly using probability calculations, but I'm really lazy today, sorry 🙂

To calculate it yourself, just build a corrisponding case with the Village and the lightening houses as described in the post above, assuming a unitary time intervall of 1 second for which any houseowner could start to switch on the light.

 

(**)

Should be in the range of  0.5-0.8. The most severe 0,5 would mean we won't understand / identify or just ignore any non-purpose signals but receive all purpose ones (stll optimistic), and with 0.8 I assume that we resolve all tech and money problems in order to also include the reception of 80% of all non-purpose signals (in addition of all purpose ones).

Just as a curiosity: With our today's technology in 2015, we would need to build a 100 km telescope in diameter with the finest sensors in order to barely receive a non-purpose signal distant 8 light years away!

 

()

It may seem strange, but not every intelligent signal is automatically an evidence for a life form in the biologic or cosmic sense of Evolution. Intelligent systems don't need life, they don't need any planets or all the requisites of the Drake equation.

To find out we have to be able to decode the signal content AND to exclude any intelligent system which is not a lifeform. It's a judgment call, but I suggest to give a very low number here anyway (the solution of this problem is or very easy or quite impossible).

 

(*)

I suggest 0.03 here as optimistic for us. I count 300 years out of 10.000 lifetime. Of course aliens may last much longer, but then: the 300 wouldn't change and it gets much worse for us to ever receive any signal. A wave-sending method for communication is not a durable factor for a lifeform, except if it's part of the organic system of the alien itself with the capability to send signals into space; such a case is just a rare one amongst many and can therefore be neglected for simplicity.

 

Play with these numbers and tweak them as you please, maybe starting with optimistic N and SI(v) values and getting to pessimistic ones. Also just set the Synch(N) = 0.85 for a maximum number of alien worlds and with still signal reception problems for us. Don't set it to 1, because this would mean an infinite number of alien worlds in our galaxy...But then: we would have no problems with the signal reception, making it of no significance!

You will find out the deceiving fact that knowing about the likely number of different ETs out there (N value of the Drake equation) won't really help us to prove any alternate lifeform which would allow us to extrapolate life and discover new important cosmic evolution laws (amongst many other things).

In the spirit of Enrico Fermi's argument we could say: If they are there and we never know it, then..they are not there.

 

2 Example calculations:

 

Example 1: Optimistic case

Synch(N) = 0.85 will include a very high number of alien worlds in our galaxy and a 80% chance we can identify and decode the alien message if we receive it:

 

SI(v) = 0.85 * 0.03 * 0.8 * 0.8 = 0,01632

 

This is to say: there is a 1,6% chance that we receive, identify and decode an alien signal within the next 200 years given the Drake's N number for a Synchronity Factor of 0.85.

 

Example 2: Pessimistic case

Synch(N) = 0.4 gives still room for a lot of alien worlds, but now we have problems by either receiving (because less wolrds), identifying and decoding alien signals (30% chance).

 

SI(v) = 0.4 * 0.03 * 0.6 * 0.3 = 0,00216

 

The chance to receive, identify and decode an alien signal within the next 200 years has droped to 0,2% or 1 out of 500.

 

It's important to see that in both cases we won't get any useful prospectives based on signals. And we could install and use as many powerful telescopes we want, it doesn't matter. To overcome the Synchronity problem we would have to install huge numbers of telescopes *covering different time periods* which is impossible.

We better search for the aliens differently.

 

 

Any comments welcome,

XenonS


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MvGulik
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Showing Seti cost in relation to some other stuff.

image(big):   http://www.flickr.com/photos/microcosmologist/5676633160/sizes/o/in/photostream/

Related post:  http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/badastronomy/2011/05/01/the-cost-of-seti-infographic/#.VbMsnrOqqko

 

Dropping out of discussion part as I see to much theoretical stuff being used as if there facts.

 


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Gunbladelad
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The thing is - signals have been picked up from space - the most famous one would be the "wow" signal - the rest may well be signals that we simply don't have the technology to pick up.


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XenonS
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The thing is - signals have been picked up from space - the most famous one would be the "wow" signal - the rest may well be signals that we simply don't have the technology to pick up.

Yes right, as to my definition, chances are that the wow is a type-2 signal (non-purpose one). In my S(t) above I have made an over-simplification in our favor: In fact I guess that 99% of possible signals are of type-2, and therefore very hard for us to get because of technical problems. I have reduced them to 50%...saying that ET is very talkative and the other 50% aimed towards us...

The problem with the wow is: It doesn't fullfill our scientific method to give a better explanation to what we know already, essentially because it has not lasted long enough to give us a chance for analyzing. The wow would not qualify in my filter above (which means it's of no value to us, even if it originated from a alien civilization).

 

XenonS


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XenonS
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Hi MvGulik,

 

 

 

Showing Seti cost in relation to some other stuff.

image(big):   http://www.flickr.com/photos/microcosmologist/5676633160/sizes/o/in/photostream/

Related post:  http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/badastronomy/2011/05/01/the-cost-of-seti-infographic/#.VbMsnrOqqko

 

Dropping out of discussion part as I see to much theoretical stuff being used as if there facts.

 

Which facts? There are no facts, except the synchronity problem. If its wrong, then please say why so we can progress.

 

You should not post any blog links, they are trash most of the time or hard to accept as a good reference. Here is a better one (still will have to read it, but I doubt it counters much of my good-sense argument):

 

http://www.nytimes.com/2015/07/21/science/yuri-milner-russian-entrepreneur-promises-100-million-for-alien-search.html?_r=0

 

As for your other links (money for SETI):

If I have a good idea for a space game, I can start a Kickstarter project. If I don't convince, I won't get any money for it. Guess why. I cannot ask 10.000 of my neighbors to skip smoking 1 cigar in order to finance my project. It doesn't matter if cigars (or 5 Tomahawk missiles) are important or not. The same goes with SETI. They will have to demonstrate that telescopes etc. will indeed help for the work they propose and also convince people. They cannot simply wait for a Mr. Milner to come in. What if they fail? Their work is a rather long-term one, nothing for sprinters. How many Milners will come afterwards? So, they better convince and money will not be a problem anymore.

 

Cheers,

XenonS


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XenonS
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Updated my post above with 2 example calculations.

 

XenonS


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Gunbladelad
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Only a fool believes that all life within the universe will be like ours.


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XenonS
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Right, and they likely don't send any signals. I think there's still the possibility of life in our solar system. The moon Europa is my horse nr. 1 for it.

 

XenonS


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XenonS
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Oh, just one thing about the so-called WOW signal:

It has often be argued that the signal has never repeated, which is true, but totally irrelevant and this argument is also fallacious.

If we ever receive a type-2 signal it would already be by the means of incredible fortune involved. It's then important to record and document it well so that further analisis can take place. Has this been done with the WOW and has it been analized? The statements from SETI or the involved astronomers are all not crystal clear about this, so people on the street didn't get a satisfying answer IMO. Go on the Seti home page and type in wow in the search, you will find plain nothing. Google it on the net and you will find a lot of UFO stuff, but nothing interesting and to-the-point.

It's totally stupid to consider that the same type-2 signal would ever come to us twice (a type-1 signal is different obviously!), so who has put this naive idea in the world, I don't know, but he must have been drunken...

The shorter a signal is, the most probable it's a type-2, especially if it doesn't repeat. So a signal not repeating has of course information value, but to say "it must repeat in order for us to be considered" that's trash.

 

References:

For example, the very first google result ("wow signal analyzed") tells a lot but says nothing, also it adheres to the fallacy explained above:

 

http://news.discovery.com/space/alien-life-exoplanets/the-wow-signal-130524.htm

 

Or take this one:

http://www.setileague.org/articles/calibwow.htm

Maybe interesting, but the author doesn't give any meaningful conclusion in simple words, so it's rather worthless (at least for our purpose).

 

This one is hilarious:

Don't read all this and waste your time, instead just scroll down to the "Conclusion". Should I say more?

http://www.bigear.org/Wow30th/wow30th.htm

 

The Wikipedia article:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wow!_signal

It contains interesting data about the signal but no conclusion to what it means in simple words. Someone seeking to find wether this signal is useful or even evidence for ET won't find a yes or no answer. By carefully going through the article, the answer is no (still assuming it's referenced and complete), but few people will have the patience and a lot of folks would rather advance 'spectacular' theories in the absence of such answer, biasing the overall value and creating a myth.

 

All such articles and their waterfall of words aren't to give any explanations to people who aren't familiar with the scientific work, that is the majority of people.

 

 

XenonS


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Gunbladelad
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Just pray it's not like this one...

EuropaReportAlien.jpg


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XenonS
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I like your postscrypt (Where logic...) 😎

 

XS


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XenonS
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The 'money' value of signals:

 

Up to now, I haven't had any kind words about Mr. Yuri Milkin's project and his generous sponsoring. Maybe time has come to change this.

Because the odds may be in Mr. Milkin's favor. My pessimistic calculation says: 1 chance out of 500 within 200 years to meet Alien. That's not too bad afterall. It means that if you bet 100 millions on it and expect a money return of 50 Billions, then you are alright to bet. In this case Mr. Milkin should marry soon and leave the profits to his children so they can build an Empire, because waiting for other 100 years (most likely waiting time) would not be enough to realize his personal profits. And still there is such a thing llike IRS or other taxes...

 

It kinda remembers me of Ridley Scott's movie Prometheus, a pre-sequel of the Alien Series:

Rich man wants to live longer - rich man sponsors spacecraft - rich man hides in the spacecraft - rich man meets Alien - Alien gets angry - end of the story.

 

Humm...This story is so mundane, it is quite realistic.

 

XenonS


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